COVID-19 vaccine development protocol: PSV Based Neutralization Assay 4. RNA based vaccines Though DNA vaccines avoid the anti-vector immunity, long term existence in cells might produce excessive antigens, which might provoke overactive immune responses and exhaust T cells [140]. Thus, another kind of nucleic acid-based vaccines, RNA vaccines, were developed by directly delivering mRNA into […]
COVID-19 vaccine development protocol: PSV Based Neutralization Assay Comparison of commonly used viral vector-based vaccines Viral vector-based vaccines can provoke innate and adaptative immune responses in host system besides the transgene antigens, which makes them preferred during vaccine design and development. Nevertheless, the immune responses induced by different viral vectors may have some differences (Table […]
COVID-19 vaccine development protocol: PSV Based Neutralization Assay Lentivirus (lente-, Latin for “slow”) is a genus of retroviruses, medium sized (80-100nm) and enveloped, slightly pleomorphic, spherical with an isometric nucleocapsid containing two copies of positive-sense ssRNA genome (Fig. 11A). Most lentiviral vectors are based on the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, a chronic […]
COVID-19 vaccine development protocol: PSV Based Neutralization Assay Adenovirus (AdV) vector-based vaccines Adenovirus (AdV) is a member of the family Adenoviridae, whose name derives from their initial isolation from human adenoids in 1953 [42]. It is a medium sized (90-100nm) and non-enveloped virus with an icosahedral nucleocapsid containing a 36kb double stranded DNA genome (Fig. […]
COVID-19 vaccine development protocol: PSV Based Neutralization Assay Viral vector-based vaccines Viral vector-based vaccines are vaccines that can deliver specific antigen gene to target cells based on the infection ability of viruses, produce antigens via the nutrition substances in host cells, and then provoke immune responses with the newly synthesized antigens. Compared with the traditional […]
COVID-19 vaccine development protocol: PSV Based Neutralization Assay Abstract The vaccine helps to provoke the immune system and is an efficacious means for disease prevention and treatment. At this particular time of the COVID-19 outbreak, the vaccine for COVID-19 is urgently needed to save tens of thousands of people’s lives. Here we give some basic […]
About COVID-19 pandemic, Coronavirus (Coronavirus) and genome of SARS-CoV-2 (2019nCoV) COVID-19 pandemic is caused by 2019nCoV (SARS-CoV-2, a novel coronavirus) infection.The 2019-nCoV genome was annotated to possess 14 ORFs encoding 27 proteins1. Figure. Schematic representative of genome structure and encoded gene of SARS-CoV-2 (2019nCoV)1 Table.Genome Annotation of 2019-nCoV1 Protein length(aa) orf1a 266-13483 4405 […]
About SARS-CoV-2 (2019nCoV, novel Coronavirus)Non-structure protein (Nsp1-Nsp16) 2019nCoV contains 16 Non-structure protein (Nsp1-Nsp16) that may be drugable targets for antiviral compounds discovery against COVID-191. Non-structure protein(NSP)information of SARS-CoV-2 (2019nCoV)1 nsp1 1 180 180 (leader protein) nsp2 181 818 638 nsp3 819 2763 1945 (Papain-Like proteinase, PLpro) nsp4 2764 3263 500 nsp5 […]
About SARS-CoV-2 (2019nCoV, novel Coronavirus) Nucleocapsid protein (Coronavirus N protein) 1. SARS-CoV-2 (2019nCoV) N protein: Coronavirus N protein is required for coronavirus RNA synthesis, and has RNA chaperone activity that may be involved in template switch. Nucleocapsid protein is a most abundant protein of coronavirus. N protein packages the positive strand viral genome RNA into a helical […]
About SARS-CoV-2 (2019nCoV, novel Coronavirus) membrane protein (Coronavirus M protein) 1. SARS-CoV-2 (2019nCoV) M protein: Coronavirus M protein is believed to define the shape of the viral envelope,which contains three transmembrane domains. It has a small N-terminal glycosylated ectodomain and a much larger C-terminal endodomain that extends 6–8 nm into the viral particle. M protein usualy exists […]
