[1] National Institutes of Health (US) and BSC Study, Understanding Emerging and Re-emerging Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health (US), 2007.[2] Nii-Trebi NI. Emerging and Neglected Infectious Diseases: Insights, Advances, and Challenges. Biomed Res Int. 2017; 2017:5245021. doi: 10.1155/2017/5245021. Epub 2017 Feb 13. PMID: 28286767; PMCID: PMC5327784.[3] N. C. Barber and L. A. Stark, “Online resources for understanding outbreaks and infectious diseases,” CBE Life Sciences Education, vol. 14, no. 1, 2015.[4] “Globalization and infectious diseases: a review of the linkages,” http://www.who.int/tdr/publications/documents/seb topic3.pdf.[5] S. S. Morse, “Factors and determinants of disease emergence,” OIE Revue Scientific et Technique, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 443–451, 2004.[6] A. Tadin, R. Tokarz, A. Markotic et al., “Molecular survey of zoonotic agents in rodents and other small mammals in Croatia,” American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, vol. 94, no. 2, pp. 466–473, 2016.[7] World Health Organization, “Infections and infectious diseases: a manual for nurses and midwives in the WHO European Region,” http://www.euro.who.int/ data/assets/pdf file/0013/102316/e79822.pdf.[8] S. S. Morse, J. A. K. Mazet, M. Woolhouse et al., “Prediction and prevention of the next pandemic zoonosis,” The Lancet, vol. 380, no. 9857, pp. 1956–1965, 2012.[9] MATER METHODS 2013; 3:207[10] van Elden L, Nijhuis M, Schipper P, Schuurman R, van Loon A. Simultaneous detection of influenza viruses A and B using real-time quantitative PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2001; 39:196-200[11] Corman V, Landt O, Kaiser M, Molenkamp R, Meijer A, Chu D, et al. Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by real-time RT-PCR. Euro Surveill. 2020;25[12] Abbott. (2020b). ID NOWTM is a leading molecular point-of-care platform in the United States, trusted by hospitals, physician offices, and urgent care clinics nationwide. https://www.alere.com/en/home/product-details/id-now-covid-19.html[13] McLoughlin K. Microarrays for pathogen detection and analysis. Brief Funct Genomics. 2011; 10:342-53[14] Jaing C, Gardner S, McLoughlin K, Thissen J, Slezak T. Detection of adventitious viruses from biologicals using a broad-spectrum microbial detection array. PDA J Pharm Sci Technol. 2011; 65:668-74[15] Khanna M, Kumar P, Chugh L, Prasad A, Chhabra S. Evaluation of influenza virus detection by direct enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and conventional methods in asthmatic patients. J Commun Dis. 2001; 33:163-9[16] Waner J, Todd S, Shalaby H, Murphy P, Wall L. Comparison of Directigen FLU-A with viral isolation and direct immunofluorescence for the rapid detection and identification of influenza A virus. J Clin Microbiol. 1991; 29:479-82[17] Lee M, Cohen B, Hand J, Nokes D. A simplified and standardized neutralization enzyme immunoassay for the quantification of measles neutralizing antibody. J Virol Methods. 1999; 78:209-17[18] Kim M, Kang S, Lee W. Evaluation of a new rapid test kit to detect hepatitis C virus infection. J Virol Methods. 2013; 193:379-82[19] Niu X, Wang X, Liu G, Li Y. [Establishment of the evaluation reference system for domestic anti-hepatitis C virus diagnostic enzyme immunoassay kits]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2013; 29:761-4[20] Filice G, Soldini L, Orsolini P, Razzini E, Gulminetti R, Campisi D, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of anti-HIV ELISA employing recombinant (p24, p66, gp120) and synthetic (gp41) viral antigenic peptides. Microbiologica. 1991; 14:185-94[21] de Boer G, Back W, Osterhaus A. An ELISA for detection of antibodies against influenza A nucleoprotein in humans and various animal species. Arch Virol. 1990; 115:47-61[22] Cuzzubbo A, Vaughn D, Nisalak A, Solomon T, Kalayanarooj S, Aaskov J, et al. Comparison of PanBio dengue duo enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and MRL dengue fever virus immunoglobulin M capture ELISA for diagnosis of dengue virus infections in Southeast Asia. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 1999; 6:705-12[23] https://www.virology.ws/2010/07/16/detection-of-antigens-or-antibodies-by-elisa/[24] Zhang WJ, Lv X, Huang C, et al. Clinical evaluation and application of detection of IgM and IgG antibodies against
SARS-CoV-2 using a colloidal gold immunochromatography assay［J］. Chinese Journal of Virology, 2020, 36（3）：348-354.[25] Li H, Li YY, Zhang ZG, et al. Establishment and clinical performance evaluation of 2019 novel coronavirus antibody colloidal gold detection method［J］. Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020, 38（3）：139-144.[26] Augustine R, Das S, Hasan A, S A, Abdul Salam S, Augustine P, Dalvi YB, Varghese R, Primavera R, Yassine HM, Thakor AS, Kevadiya BD. Rapid Antibody-Based COVID-19 Mass Surveillance: Relevance, Challenges, and Prospects in a Pandemic and Post-Pandemic World. J Clin Med. 2020 Oct 21;9(10):3372. doi: 10.3390/jcm9103372. PMID: 33096742; PMCID: PMC7589650.[27] LI Jia-jun, ZHENG Xiao, et al. Novel Coronavirus and Research Progress of Related Clinical Detection Methods［J］. Biotechnology Bulletin, ISSN 1002-5464, CN 11-2396/Q.[28] Timothy M Uyeki, Henry H Bernstein, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenza, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 68, Issue 6, 15 March 2019, Pages e1–e47, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy866[29] Anestad G. Surveillance of respiratory viral infections by rapid immunofluorescence diagnosis, with emphasis on virus interference. Epidemiol Infect. 1987; 99:523-31[30] Daisy J, Lief F, Friedman H. Rapid diagnosis of influenza A infection by direct immunofluorescence of nasopharyngeal aspirates in adults. J Clin Microbiol. 1979; 9:688-92[31] Johnson J, Higgins A, Navarro A, HUANG Y, Esper F, Barton N, et al. Subtyping influenza A virus with monoclonal antibodies and an indirect immunofluorescence assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2012; 50:396-400[32] Fauvel M, Ozanne G. Immunofluorescence assay for human immunodeficiency virus antibody: investigation of cell fixation for virus inactivation and antigen preservation. J Clin Microbiol. 1989; 27:1810-3[33] Klespies S, Cebula D, Kelley C, Galehouse D, Maurer C. Detection of enteroviruses from clinical specimens by spin amplification shell vial culture and monoclonal antibody assay. J Clin Microbiol. 1996; 34:1465-7[34] Coffin S, Hodinka R. Utility of direct immunofluorescence and virus culture for detection of varicella-zoster virus in skin lesions. J Clin Microbiol. 1995; 33:2792-5[35] Caviness A, Oelze L, Saz U, Greer J, Demmler Harrison G. Direct immunofluorescence assay compared to cell culture for the diagnosis of mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infections in children. J Clin Virol. 2010; 49:58-60[36] Pouletty P, Chomel J, Thouvenot D, Catalan F, Rabillon V, Kadouche J. Detection of herpes simplex virus in direct specimens by immunofluorescence assay using a monoclonal antibody. J Clin Microbiol. 1987; 25:958-9[37] Liu I, Chen P, Yeh S, Chiang Y, Huang L, Chang M, et al. Immunofluorescence assay for detection of the nucleocapsid antigen of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus in cells derived from throat wash samples of patients with SARS. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43:2444-8[38] https://fineartamerica.com/featured/6-vaccinia-virus-infected-cell-dr-dan-kalman.html[39] Schochetman G, Epstein J, Zuck T. Serodiagnosis of infection with the AIDS virus and other human retroviruses. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1989; 43:629-59[40] Damen M, Zaaijer H, Cuypers H, Vrielink H, van der Poel C, Reesink H, et al. Reliability of the third-generation recombinant immunoblot assay for hepatitis C virus. Transfusion. 1995; 35:745-9[41] Kong Q, Xue C, Ren X, Zhang C, Li L, Shu D, et al. Proteomic analysis of purified coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus particles. Proteome Sci. 2010; 8:29[42] Ren X, Xue C, Kong Q, Zhang C, Bi Y, Cao Y. Proteomic analysis of purified Newcastle disease virus particles. Proteome Sci. 2012; 10:32[43] Nagler F, Rake G. The Use of the Electron Microscope in Diagnosis of Variola, Vaccinia, and Varicella. J Bacteriol. 1948; 55:45-51[44] Gust I, Kaldor J, Cross G, Waugh M, Ferris A. Virus-like particles associated with a faecal antigen from hepatitis patients and with Australia antigen. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1971; 49:1-9[45] Kapikian A, Wyatt R, Dolin R, Thornhill T, Kalica A, Chanock R. Visualization by immune electron microscopy of a 27-nm particle associated with acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis. J Virol. 1972; 10:1075-81[46] Johnson K, Lange J, Webb P, Murphy F. Isolation and partial characterisation of a new virus causing acute haemorrhagic fever in Zaire. Lancet. 1977; 1:569-71[47] Pattyn S, van der Groen G, Jacob W, Piot P, Courteille G. Isolation of Marburg-like virus from a case of haemorrhagic fever in Zaire. Lancet. 1977; 1:573-4[48] Chua K, Wong E, Cropp B, Hyatt A. Role of electron microscopy in Nipah virus outbreak investigation and control. Med J Malaysia. 2007; 62:139-42[49] Hyatt A, Zaki S, Goldsmith C, Wise T, Hengstberger S. Ultrastructure of Hendra virus and Nipah virus within cultured cells and host animals. Microbes Infect. 2001; 3:297-306[50] Drosten C, Gunther S, Preiser W, van der Werf S, Brodt H, Becker S, et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348:1967-76[51] Reed K, Melski J, Graham M, Regnery R, Sotir M, Wegner M, et al. The detection of monkeypox in humans in the Western Hemisphere. N Engl J Med. 2004; 350:342-50[52] https://www.hantasite.com/2017/03/hantavirus-life-cycle-and-infection.html
SARS-CoV-2 using a colloidal gold immunochromatography assay［J］. Chinese Journal of Virology, 2020, 36（3）：348-354.[25] Li H, Li YY, Zhang ZG, et al. Establishment and clinical performance evaluation of 2019 novel coronavirus antibody colloidal gold detection method［J］. Chinese Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2020, 38（3）：139-144.[26] Augustine R, Das S, Hasan A, S A, Abdul Salam S, Augustine P, Dalvi YB, Varghese R, Primavera R, Yassine HM, Thakor AS, Kevadiya BD. Rapid Antibody-Based COVID-19 Mass Surveillance: Relevance, Challenges, and Prospects in a Pandemic and Post-Pandemic World. J Clin Med. 2020 Oct 21;9(10):3372. doi: 10.3390/jcm9103372. PMID: 33096742; PMCID: PMC7589650.[27] LI Jia-jun, ZHENG Xiao, et al. Novel Coronavirus and Research Progress of Related Clinical Detection Methods［J］. Biotechnology Bulletin, ISSN 1002-5464, CN 11-2396/Q.[28] Timothy M Uyeki, Henry H Bernstein, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America: 2018 Update on Diagnosis, Treatment, Chemoprophylaxis, and Institutional Outbreak Management of Seasonal Influenza, Clinical Infectious Diseases, Volume 68, Issue 6, 15 March 2019, Pages e1–e47, https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy866[29] Anestad G. Surveillance of respiratory viral infections by rapid immunofluorescence diagnosis, with emphasis on virus interference. Epidemiol Infect. 1987; 99:523-31[30] Daisy J, Lief F, Friedman H. Rapid diagnosis of influenza A infection by direct immunofluorescence of nasopharyngeal aspirates in adults. J Clin Microbiol. 1979; 9:688-92[31] Johnson J, Higgins A, Navarro A, HUANG Y, Esper F, Barton N, et al. Subtyping influenza A virus with monoclonal antibodies and an indirect immunofluorescence assay. J Clin Microbiol. 2012; 50:396-400[32] Fauvel M, Ozanne G. Immunofluorescence assay for human immunodeficiency virus antibody: investigation of cell fixation for virus inactivation and antigen preservation. J Clin Microbiol. 1989; 27:1810-3[33] Klespies S, Cebula D, Kelley C, Galehouse D, Maurer C. Detection of enteroviruses from clinical specimens by spin amplification shell vial culture and monoclonal antibody assay. J Clin Microbiol. 1996; 34:1465-7[34] Coffin S, Hodinka R. Utility of direct immunofluorescence and virus culture for detection of varicella-zoster virus in skin lesions. J Clin Microbiol. 1995; 33:2792-5[35] Caviness A, Oelze L, Saz U, Greer J, Demmler Harrison G. Direct immunofluorescence assay compared to cell culture for the diagnosis of mucocutaneous herpes simplex virus infections in children. J Clin Virol. 2010; 49:58-60[36] Pouletty P, Chomel J, Thouvenot D, Catalan F, Rabillon V, Kadouche J. Detection of herpes simplex virus in direct specimens by immunofluorescence assay using a monoclonal antibody. J Clin Microbiol. 1987; 25:958-9[37] Liu I, Chen P, Yeh S, Chiang Y, Huang L, Chang M, et al. Immunofluorescence assay for detection of the nucleocapsid antigen of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus in cells derived from throat wash samples of patients with SARS. J Clin Microbiol. 2005; 43:2444-8[38] https://fineartamerica.com/featured/6-vaccinia-virus-infected-cell-dr-dan-kalman.html[39] Schochetman G, Epstein J, Zuck T. Serodiagnosis of infection with the AIDS virus and other human retroviruses. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1989; 43:629-59[40] Damen M, Zaaijer H, Cuypers H, Vrielink H, van der Poel C, Reesink H, et al. Reliability of the third-generation recombinant immunoblot assay for hepatitis C virus. Transfusion. 1995; 35:745-9[41] Kong Q, Xue C, Ren X, Zhang C, Li L, Shu D, et al. Proteomic analysis of purified coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus particles. Proteome Sci. 2010; 8:29[42] Ren X, Xue C, Kong Q, Zhang C, Bi Y, Cao Y. Proteomic analysis of purified Newcastle disease virus particles. Proteome Sci. 2012; 10:32[43] Nagler F, Rake G. The Use of the Electron Microscope in Diagnosis of Variola, Vaccinia, and Varicella. J Bacteriol. 1948; 55:45-51[44] Gust I, Kaldor J, Cross G, Waugh M, Ferris A. Virus-like particles associated with a faecal antigen from hepatitis patients and with Australia antigen. Aust J Exp Biol Med Sci. 1971; 49:1-9[45] Kapikian A, Wyatt R, Dolin R, Thornhill T, Kalica A, Chanock R. Visualization by immune electron microscopy of a 27-nm particle associated with acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis. J Virol. 1972; 10:1075-81[46] Johnson K, Lange J, Webb P, Murphy F. Isolation and partial characterisation of a new virus causing acute haemorrhagic fever in Zaire. Lancet. 1977; 1:569-71[47] Pattyn S, van der Groen G, Jacob W, Piot P, Courteille G. Isolation of Marburg-like virus from a case of haemorrhagic fever in Zaire. Lancet. 1977; 1:573-4[48] Chua K, Wong E, Cropp B, Hyatt A. Role of electron microscopy in Nipah virus outbreak investigation and control. Med J Malaysia. 2007; 62:139-42[49] Hyatt A, Zaki S, Goldsmith C, Wise T, Hengstberger S. Ultrastructure of Hendra virus and Nipah virus within cultured cells and host animals. Microbes Infect. 2001; 3:297-306[50] Drosten C, Gunther S, Preiser W, van der Werf S, Brodt H, Becker S, et al. Identification of a novel coronavirus in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2003; 348:1967-76[51] Reed K, Melski J, Graham M, Regnery R, Sotir M, Wegner M, et al. The detection of monkeypox in humans in the Western Hemisphere. N Engl J Med. 2004; 350:342-50[52] https://www.hantasite.com/2017/03/hantavirus-life-cycle-and-infection.html
